英语高考中译英题型复习指导
第一部分 常用句型学习
一、常用句型
1. It + be + 过去分词 + that… 句型
It is / was known / said / announced / believed / expected / estimated / reported / recognized + that… 众所周知…
2. It’s + adj. + 不定式句型
It is / was + n. / adj.+ (for / of sb.) + to do…对某人来说做某事怎么样
It is / was difficult / easy / important / necessary / possible for sb to do sth. It is / was kind / brave / nice / stupid / wrong of sb to do sth.
3. It’s + adj. + that句型
It’s + adj. + that sb (should) do sth. It’s strange / surprising / necessary / important / essential / natural / vital that sb (should) do sth.
4. It + be + adj. / n. …句型
It is no use / good / useless / senseless doing sth. It’s a waste of time / money doing sth / to do sth. It’s no wonder that… (No wonder…)
5. It’s time…句型 It’s time for sth.
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. It’s (high) time that sb did sth.
It / This is + 序数词 + time + that sb. has / have done sth. It / This was +序数词 + time + that sb had done sth.
6. It + be + 一段时间 + since……句型
It is / has been + 一段时间 + since sb. did sth. It was + 一段时间 + since sb. had done sth.
7. It + be + long / 一段时间 + before……句型 It was not long before…不久
It will / won’t be long / 一段时间 before sb does sth.
8. It强调句型
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 原句剩余部分 (强调句型) Note:
1) 强调句型中不可将is / was 变为are / were.
2) 从句中指人时可用who代替that,其他情况均用that. 1
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3) 强调句型的一般疑问形式:Is / Was it + 强调部分 + that… 4) 强调句型的特殊疑问形式:特殊疑问词 + is / was it that…?
9. Until句型
not …until…直到……才……
Not until…在句首时,主句需倒装。(注:Until在句首时不倒装) It is / was not until… that… 直到… 才… (注:that从句不倒装)
10. it在句中作形式宾语
I feel / consider / find / think / believe / make it + adj. / n. + to do sth.
11. It seems / seemed / appears / appeared / happens / happened that… 好像/似乎……,碰巧……
12. There + v. + to be…句型
There appear(s) / (ed) / seem(s) / (ed) / happen(s) / (ed) / used to be…… There ought to / should be……
13. There is no + 名词 + in doing sth…句型 There is no sense / point (in) doing sth.
14. There + v. + …表示存在和状态句型
There lie(s) / stand(s) / exist(s) / live(s) / remain(s) / lived / came + n.
15. There + v. + …以描述某事的发生或某个动作的开始句型 There come(s) / go(es) / occur(s) / follow(s) ……
16. There is no + n. + to do句型 There is no need to do sth.
17. have + 名词句型
Sb have difficulty / trouble / a good / hard time / fun (in) doing sth.
18. have 作使役动词句型
have sb. / sth do sth. 让某人/某物做某事
have sb. / sth doing sth 让某人/某物一直处于某种状态;容忍某人做某事 have sb. / sth done 让某人/某物被……
19. get作使役动词句型 get sb./sth to do sth get sb / sth doing sth get sb / sth done
20. let / make作使役动词句型 2
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let / make sb. / sth. do sth.
21. send / leave作使役动词句型 send / leave sb. / sth doing sth
22. but与except句型
have no choice / alternative but / except to do sth do nothing / something / anything but / except do sth. be powerless to do anything but / except do sth.
23. can’t… 用于句中
can’t help doing sth情不自禁/忍不住做某事
can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮助做某事
can’t help but do sth / can’t but do sth / can’t choose but do sth / can’t do anything but do sth / can do nothing but do / There is nothing to do but do sth. / There is not anything to do but do sth. 别无选择只好做…
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待去做某事
24. 倍数比较句型
A is three times the size (height, length, width…) of B A is three times as big (high, long, wide…) as B
A is three times bigger (higher, longer, longer…) than B The size of A is three times that of B. The + 比较级,the + 比较级
A is superior / inferior / junior / senior to B.
25. spend / take / cost句型
Sb. spend some time / money (in) doing sth. Sb. spend some time / money on sth.
Sth cost sb some money / time / one’s life / one job It takes sb some time to do sth.
26. 其他常用句型
… so… that … (状语从句) 句型 Vs …so…as (定语从句)
…such… that… (状语从句)句型 Vs …such…as…(定语从句)
be (well) worth (doing) sth be worthy of being done be worthy to be done sth is worthwhile.
It’s worthwhile to do / doing sth. 3
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be used to do sth
be / become / get used to (doing) sth
be / become / get accustomed to (doing) sth used to do sth
Would you like to do…?
Would you please do sth…? 你想做某事吗? Why don’t you do…? 你何不做某事? Why do sth…? 为什么要做…? Would you be so kind as to do sth? Would you be kind enough to do sth?
What about doing sth…? How about doing sth…?
feel like doing sth
can’t / couldn’t have done sth could have done sth
may / might (not) have done sth must have done sth
should (not) have done sth ought (not) to have done sth needn’t have done sth
Hardly / Scarcely / Rarely had sb done sth when sb did sth. No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.
It is obvious / clear / evident / apparent that …… It is true / certain that…… It goes without saying that......
There is no telling / denying that……
How / What引导的感叹句型
倒装句型(完全倒装 + 部分倒装)
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第二部分 翻译精练
一、常用句型题例示范
1. 众所周知,运动有益于健康。(know) 2. 不久他意识到他犯了一个愚蠢的错误。(before) 3. 他越学习英语,就越来劲。(the more…, the more) 4. 直到下课,他才写好文章。(not until) 5. 只有努力才能成功。(Only)
6. 他一回家就发现他的新电脑被偷了。(No sooner) 7. 不管遇到什么困难,你都必须继续下去。(Whatever) 8. 使我惊讶的是,那天这么多人迟到了。(what) 9. 哪儿有苦难,哪儿就有红十字会的成员。(Where) 10. 我们不能确定他是否会成功。(whether) 11. 他迟到的原因是他起晚了。(why…that) 12. 我们听说北京申奥成功的消息很激动。(news)
Reference:
1. It is known to all that exercise does good to people’s health.
2. It was not long before he realized that he had made a foolish mistake. 3. The more he studies English, the more he likes it.
4. It was not until the end of the class that he finished writing the composition. 5. Only by working hard can we succeed.
6. No sooner had he arrived home than he found his new computer had been stolen. 7. Whatever difficulties you meet with, you should continue. 8. What surprised me was that so many people were late that day. 9. Where there are sufferings, there are members of the Red Cross. 10. We are not sure whether he will succeed or not. 11. The reason why he was late was that he got up late.
12. We were excited to hear the news that Beijing succeeded in bidding for the Olympic Games of
2008.
二、固定搭配和固定词组
1. 1. 谁对这事故负责?(blame ) 2. 他致力于帮助那些处于困境的人。( devote )
3. 人们发现赶上现代化科学的发展很重要。( keep up) 4. 他所作的一切远远出乎我的意料。(more than) 5. 小明被认为是他们班最有创造力的学生。(regardpr实验室的仪器可供大家使用。
(available)
6. 他的工作远远不令人满意(far from)
7. Black 夫人对这位警察很感激,因为他为她找到了丢失的婴儿。(grateful) 5
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8. 学生应该集中精力学习。(focus) 9. 你必须要为你所说的话向我道歉。(apologize) 10. 我们不必担心如何去打发空闲时间。(deal with) 11. 一个人要改掉华习惯很难。(get rid of) 12. 我们必须依靠自己来改善我们的生活。(depend on) 13. 改革开放以后,一座座现代化城市正式形成。(come into existence) 14. 赶时髦消耗了她很多钱。(drain)
15. 随着电脑的普遍使用,人们可以通过电子邮件来保持联系。(by mean of ) 16. 当火车开向那小孩时,他不知所措。(at a loss)
Reference
1. Who is to blame for the accident?
2. He devoted himself to helping those in difficulty.
3. People find it important to keep up with the development of modern science. 4. What he did was more than I had expected.
5. Xiao Ming is regarded as the most creative student in his class. 6. The instruments in the lab are available to us. 7. His work is far from satisfactory.
8. Mrs. Black was grateful to the policeman for finding her lost son. 9. Students should focus their attention on their study. 10. You must apologize to me for what you have said.
11. We needn’t worry about how to deal with our spare time. 12. It is difficult one to get rid of one’s bad habits. 13. We must depend on ourselves to improve our life.
14. After the open-door policy, more and more modern cities are coming into existence. 15. Following fashion is a great drain on her money.
16. With the popularity of computers, people can keep in touch with each other by means of
e-mail.
17. As the train was running towards him, the child was at a loss.
三、掌握翻译技巧
1. 足球在中国受到越来越多人的欢迎。 2. 十年来这个小镇已经发生了很大的变化。(take place) 3. 今晚五频道有什么值得看的吗? 4. 人们发现它是个非常难讨好的人。 5. 他们在玩“赌输赢的游戏”。 6. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
7. 我很想知道这个故事接下去会发生什么。
8. 他唯一的希望是起码有个人路过这里,助他一臂之力。 9. 他乐于向任何处于困境中的人伸出援助之手。
10. 由于大西洋(的阻碍),欧洲人好几个世纪以来未发现美洲。 6
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Reference:
1. Football is becoming more and more popular in China.
2. Great changes have taken place in this small town in the past ten years. 3. Is there anything worth watching in Channel 5 tonight? 4. He proved to be a difficult man to please. 5. They are playing games “for keeps”. 6. The bad weather added to our difficulty.
7. I wonder what will happen in the latter part of the story.
8. His only hope was that someone would come and lend him a band. 9. He is ready to help anyone who is in difficulty.
10. For centuries, the Atlantic Ocean prevented the Europeans from discovering America.
四、强化翻译水平
1. 任何人受到适当的训练就能胜任这项工作。
2. 一听到这个悲伤的消息,她顿时忍不住大哭起来。 3. 因为不知道他的电话号码,我没能打电话给他。 4. 那天我正好看到了所发生的一切。 5. 据说他是负责我们班的老师。
6. 他有很强的毅力,因此他肯定会成功。 7. 我们不仅要学会学习,而且要学会做人。
8. 足球运动员们一直在艰苦地训练,有可能他们会赢这场比赛。 9. 很多同学赞成我的建议。
10. 外面正在下雨,所以我们别无他法,只能呆在家里。
Reference:
1、 Anyone who has been properly trained can/will be able to do this job.
If properly trained, anyone can/will be able to do this job. Whoever receives the proper training will do this job. 2、 She couldn’t help crying as soon as she heard the news.
(On)Hearing/At the news, she couldn’t help crying.
3、 Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t call/telephone him.
Because I didn’t know his telephone number, I couldn’t call/telephone him. I didn’t have his telephone number, so I couldn’t call/telephone him. 4、I happened to see what was happening that day.
I saw that was happening by chance/by accident that day. I chanced to see what was happening that day.
It happened that I saw what was happening that day. 5、 It is said that he is the teacher who is in charge of our class.
It is said that he is the teacher in charge of out class. 7
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He is said to be the teacher who is in charge of out class. He is said to be the teacher in charge of our class. 6、 He has a strong will, so he is sure/certain to succeed.
He is strong-willed, so he will surely/certainly succeed. He is strong-willed, so it is certain that he will succeed.
7、 We must learn not only how to study but also how to be good men.
We must learn not only how to study but how to be good men.
We must learn not only how to study but how to be good men as well.
8、 The football team have been in hard train, so it is likely that they will win the game.
The football team have been in hard train, so chances are that they will win the game. The football team have been in hard train, so they are likely to win the game. The football team have been in hard train, so they will probably win the game. 9、 Many classmates are in favor of my suggestion.
Many classmates agree to my suggestion. Many classmates are for my suggestion.
10、It was raining outside, so we could do nothing but stay at home.
Because it was raining outside, there was nothing for us to do but stay at home. It was raining outside, so we had no choice but to stay at home.
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